نویسندگان

چکیده مقاله

The Beauty is a natural phenomenon; thus, it has been defined in different ways throughout all the ages of history; sometimes externally and sometimes internally. In this regard, the authors are employing the analytical-comparative method and library tools to investigate Plato’s perspective on various types of beauty in poems of Mawlawi, they specifically focus on verses in which the term “beauty” and its synonyms such as beautiful, delicate, good-looking, elegant, attractive, charming, prettiness, etc. are mentioned. The analysis aims to delve into the profound concepts beyond these terms, considering Plato’s viewpoint on beauty. The research results are as follows: both thinkers believed in sensory, intellectual, and intuitive beauty. According to Plato, some types of sensory beauty, are perceptible through the five senses, but the possibility of perceptual error exists due to the involvement of the senses. A thought-provoking point is that some senses, in addition to perceiving the beauty of the external appearance, awaken thinking to reduce the margin of error. Mawlawi also believes in the mentioned senses, with the difference that he considers the beauties of the world as manifestations and reflections of divine beauty. Islamic mystics perceive the beauty of the created world as a reflection and image of divine beauty, considering the understanding of this beauty as a means to attain true beauty. In understanding intellectual beauty, both of them believe that limited access to specific beauties can be achieved through partial reason. Mawlawi refers to the complete intellect as the inner and divine intellect, while Plato names the complete intellect as "ideas" or dialectic. Both Plato and Mawlawi consider the source of all ethical virtues to be the complete intellect or the intellectual intellect. In the understanding of cognitive beauty, both Plato and Mawlawi believe in a type of beauty that surpasses human perception and intellect, considering it as cognitive beauty. While Plato does not term this beauty as good, Mawlawi describes it as intuitive and cognitive beauty.